Adenomyosis: Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment
Adenomyosis refers to the offsite growth of innermost uterine cells towards the middle layer of the uterus called the myometrium. This condition occurs only in women of reproductive age. The most plausible cause for this condition is the disrupted partition between two uterine layers. This condition is commonly evaluated through various laboratory tests involving biomarkers, and imaging tests like MRI, ultrasound, etc.
WHAT IS ADENOMYOSIS
Adenomyosis is a reproductive-aged women's condition in which endometrial tissues grow inside the myometrium (middle layer of the uterus). Endometrium refers to the innermost uterine layer. When the cells of the endometrium start growing in other places outside the endometrium, it will lead to various health issues and even cause infertility in women.
When this ectopic growth of the endometrium occurs in the ovaries or outside the uterus, it leads to endometriosis. When this ectopic growth of the endometrium occurs in the myometrium, it leads to a condition called adenomyosis.
TYPES OF ADENOMYOSIS
Diffuse adenomyosis
The type of adenomyosis wherein the uterus is boggy and uniformly enlarged.
1
Focal adenomyosis
The type of adenomyosis that resembles uterine fibroids and is rare condition affecting females younger than 30 years of age.
2
CAUSES
- Inflammation in uterus
- Endometrial cells invasion protrusion in the muscle layer of the uterus
- Developmental defect- endometrial tissue may be deposited in the muscle layer of the uterus in the fetal stage.
- Bone marrow cells invading the uterus muscle layer
SYMPTOMS
- Heavy flow in periods
- Extreme pain during sexual intercourse
- Swelling in the pelvic and abdominal region
- Urinary tract discomfort
- Extremely painful period cramps
- Irregular menstruation
DIAGNOSIS
- Physical examination- for enlarged belly or swollen abdomen
- Abdominal scanning through:
- Vaginal ultrasound
- CT scan
- MRI of uterus
- Biopsy of uterine myometrium tissue
DO's
Stay hydratedEat healthy diet Do low impact exercises like walkingGet enough restDONT's
Avoid caffeine and alcoholDon't smokeAvoid strenuous exercisesDo not ignore symptomsTREATMENTS
Non- Surgical Treatments
Hormonal drugs and contraceptives
- Oestrogen-progestin pills
- Progestin contraception
- Intrauterine device
- Vaginal rings
Anti-inflammatory drugs
- Ibuprofen
SURGICAL TREATMENTS
Surgical treatments for adenomyosis may be recommended if other treatments have failed to relieve symptoms, or if the condition is severe. Some surgical options for adenomyosis may include:
Hysterectomy: This is the most common surgical treatment for adenomyosis. It involves the removal of the uterus and is usually recommended for women who have completed childbearing.
Endometrial ablation: This is a minimally invasive procedure that involves the removal or destruction of the lining of the uterus. It is generally recommended for women who wish to preserve their uterus and have not responded to other treatments.
Uterine artery embolization: This is a minimally invasive procedure that involves blocking the blood supply to the uterus, which can help to shrink adenomyosis growths.
Myomectomy: This is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of uterine fibroids, which can often coexist with adenomyosis. It may be considered in women who wish to preserve their uterus and have not responded to other treatments.
Risk and Complications
Risks
- Problems during childbirth
- Middle age
- Post-C-section
- Post dilatation and curettage
- Post fibroid removal
COMPLICATIONS
Heavy bleeding can lead to anaemia and other reproductive health issues.
IF LEFT UNTREATED
Adenomyosis is a gynaecological condition that often gets worsens with time and must not be ignored because if it is left untreated, it can lead to various reproductive health issues, including
- Pelvic organ prolapse- Slipping of one or more pelvic organs from the there original site towards the vagina
- Infertility
- miscarriages
- premature births
COST
The average cost of laparoscopic hysterectomy to treat adenomyosis is ₹35,000 - ₹40,000. The cost varies from the type of surgical procedure, hospital facilities and cities.
Financial Options
INSURANCE COVERAGE
Insurance coverage for adenomyosis treatment can vary widely depending on the individual insurance plan, the severity of the condition, and the specific treatment being considered. In general, insurance providers may cover treatments that are deemed medically necessary, such as a hysterectomy or endometrial ablation, if other less invasive treatments have failed to alleviate symptoms.
However, insurance coverage for adenomyosis treatments may also be subject to certain restrictions or requirements. For example, some insurance plans may require that certain diagnostic tests or procedures be performed before approving coverage for a particular treatment. Additionally, insurance providers may limit coverage for certain treatments based on factors such as age, medical history, or the specific symptoms experienced.
Know more about adenomyosis
The exact cause of adenomyosis is not known, but there are several theories. One theory suggests that hormonal imbalances may play a role, as adenomyosis is often associated with an overgrowth of estrogen.
While there is no cure for adenomyosis, many women are able to manage their symptoms with appropriate treatment. Women with adenomyosis may also benefit from lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, a healthy diet, and stress reduction techniques.
It is important for women with symptoms of adenomyosis to seek medical attention, as early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and improve outcomes. Women with adenomyosis may also benefit from support groups or counseling to manage the emotional and psychological impact of the condition.
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